Case Study – River Avon
Contents
- 1 Unraveling the Geological and Archaeological History of the River Avon Valley
- 1.1 The Avon Valley River Terraces
- 1.2 Inconsistent Dating Methods: Radiocarbon and Optical Dating
- 1.3 The Role of Holocene Flooding
- 1.4 Revisiting Terrace Models and Uplift Hypotheses
- 1.5 Sedimentary Evidence and Anomalies
- 1.6 Implications for Palaeolithic Archaeology
- 1.7 Sediment Composition and Water Sources
- 1.8 Compound Terraces and Sedimentary Mixing
- 1.9 The Importance of Multidisciplinary Approaches
- 1.10 Challenges and Future Directions
- 1.11 Conclusion
- 2 Exploring Britain’s Flooded Past: The Evidence
- 3 Exploring Prehistoric Britain: A Journey Through Time
- 4 Further Reading
- 5 Other Blogs
Unraveling the Geological and Archaeological History of the River Avon Valley
The Avon Valley, with its complex Quaternary deposits, offers a wealth of information about past environmental changes and human activity. These deposits include clay-with-flints, head, gravelly head, river terrace deposits, brickearth, alluvium, and occasional peat. The clay-with-flints, in particular, are residual deposits formed by the dissolution of underlying chalk and the reworking of Palaeogene sediments, predating the river terrace deposits. Found predominantly on hilltop flats, these deposits likely date back to the Pleistocene (Gallois, 2009). Older head deposits, associated with clay-with-flint sediments, are products of solifluction and bedrock solution, commonly occurring on upper valley slopes, while gravelly head and head deposits result from fluvial transport, hill wash, and solifluction processes (Barton et al., 2003; Hopson et al., 2007).
The Avon Valley River Terraces
The Avon Valley is renowned for its 14 distinct river terraces, which rise to heights of up to 100 meters above the valley floor and span widths of up to 12 kilometers. These terraces exhibit consistent thickness, indicative of sediment overloading from upstream sources, lateral erosion, and sediment redeposition (Blum and Tӧrnqvist, 2000; Brown et al., 2009a, b). While these terraces provide a unique stratigraphic record, their chronological framework has been a subject of intense debate. Clarke and Green (1987) suggested that the deposition of these terraces draped over the landscape, complicating correlations with specific climatic events. (Case Study – River Avon)
Inconsistent Dating Methods: Radiocarbon and Optical Dating

Efforts to date the terraces have yielded conflicting results, particularly when comparing optical dating (OSL) with radiocarbon dating. For example, Egberts et al. (2019) highlighted discrepancies in OSL results, where terraces T7 (58m OD) appeared to predate T10 (102m OD). Such results challenge earlier assumptions about terrace chronology. Additionally, sediments from T4 and the undifferentiated Loess Terrace (77m OD) were dated to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), further complicating traditional terrace formation models.
Radiocarbon dating has similarly revealed inconsistencies. Gaigalas (2000) observed discrepancies of up to 30%-40% between radiocarbon and OSL dates, such as sands overlying peat layers. For instance, organic detritus dated by radiocarbon at 24,430 ± 210 years contrasted sharply with OSL dates of 39,000 ± 4,000 years for the overlying sands. These variations highlight the challenges in establishing reliable chronologies for terrace sequences. (Case Study – River Avon)
The Role of Holocene Flooding

Holocene flooding has further influenced the Avon Valley’s stratigraphy. Macklin’s studies identified over 100 significant flood events, with 12 lasting for centuries. These events would have redistributed sediments, eroded terraces, and contributed to the inconsistencies in dating sequences. For instance, older terraces may have been overlaid or modified by later flood deposits, complicating interpretations of stratigraphic continuity. Such flooding could explain the lack of significant alluvium or colluvium deposits in certain areas, such as Stonehenge Bottom. (Case Study – River Avon)
Revisiting Terrace Models and Uplift Hypotheses
Traditional models of terrace formation, such as those proposed by Bridgland (2000), linked terrace sequences to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS). However, recent studies challenge this straightforward correlation. For example, Maddy et al. (2000) and Westaway et al. (2006) suggested that the uplift-driven terrace formation model might not account for the complexities observed in the Avon Valley. The uplift rates inferred from terrace altitudes also conflict with sea-level reconstructions, which show lesser ice extent during the period 389–243 ka compared to the LGM, implying reduced terrace impact rather than increased erosion. (Case Study – River Avon)
Sedimentary Evidence and Anomalies

Egberts et al. (2019) further examined terrace sediments using 3D modeling and borehole data. Their findings revealed significant anomalies in sediment thickness and depositional rates. For example, sediment accumulation rates varied drastically within the same stratigraphic unit, with one layer accumulating at 1.33 cm per 1,000 years and another at just 0.23 cm per 1,000 years. Such disparities raise questions about the depositional mechanisms and the accuracy of OSL dating. (Case Study – River Avon)
Implications for Palaeolithic Archaeology
The terraces are invaluable for understanding Palaeolithic archaeology. Archaeological remains, including tools and artifacts, have been found in several terraces, offering insights into hominin activity and landscape use. However, the inconsistent dating of terraces complicates efforts to contextualize these findings. For example, the Palaeolithic site at Woodgreen (T7) has been dated to 389–243 ka, but its chronological placement remains contested due to discrepancies between radiometric and stratigraphic evidence. (Case Study – River Avon)
Sediment Composition and Water Sources
One overlooked aspect of the Avon Valley’s terraces is the role of natural springs and seasonal streams. Unlike active rivers, these water sources contribute minimal alluvium, explaining the limited sedimentary deposits in some terraces. This observation aligns with Julian Richards’ hypothesis in The Stonehenge Environs Project that seasonal streams or fluctuating water tables may have removed or thinned colluvium sediments in areas like Stonehenge Bottom. (Case Study – River Avon)
Compound Terraces and Sedimentary Mixing
The presence of compound terraces, as suggested by Egberts et al. (2019), adds another layer of complexity. These terraces likely represent mixed depositional histories, where sediments from different time periods were reworked by fluvial processes. This phenomenon may explain some of the out-of-sequence dates observed in the Avon Valley. For example, the youngest terrace (T4) showed mixed depositional behavior between the upper and lower catchments, resulting in varying OSL dates at different locations. (Case Study – River Avon)
The Importance of Multidisciplinary Approaches
Resolving the chronological uncertainties in the Avon Valley requires a multidisciplinary approach. Combining radiocarbon dating, OSL, isotope analysis, and stratigraphic modeling can provide a more comprehensive understanding of terrace formation and landscape evolution. Additionally, integrating palaeoenvironmental data, such as pollen and microfossil analysis, can shed light on climatic conditions during terrace formation and their impact on human activity. (Case Study – River Avon)
Challenges and Future Directions
Despite advancements, significant challenges remain. Dating inconsistencies, the influence of Holocene flooding, and the lack of organic remains in higher terraces hinder efforts to build a cohesive narrative of the Avon Valley’s geological and archaeological history. Future research should prioritize high-resolution stratigraphic studies, enhanced chronometric techniques, and better integration of geomorphological and archaeological data. (Case Study – River Avon)
Conclusion
The Avon Valley’s terraces offer a rich archive of environmental and cultural history but also present significant challenges due to inconsistencies in dating and stratigraphic interpretation. By leveraging advanced technologies and multidisciplinary collaboration, researchers can refine their understanding of this dynamic landscape, providing valuable insights into the interplay between natural processes and human activity over millennia. For more information, explore this video: https://youtu.be/j5LJ2sGcKOA.
Exploring Britain’s Flooded Past: The Evidence
My recent exploration into Britain’s prehistoric landscape has opened my eyes to a fascinating and often overlooked aspect of our history: the impact of post-glacial flooding. The sheer magnitude of meltwater released at the end of the last ice age dramatically reshaped the environment, creating vast waterways that are notably more significant than the rivers we see now. This realisation has sparked my curiosity to understand how these ancient waterways influenced the lives of our ancestors and shaped the landscape we know today.
Summary
The evidence for these massive, prehistoric rivers lies scattered across the British Isles, often hidden beneath soil layers and obscured by time. But with careful observation and a willingness to challenge conventional thinking, the signs become apparent. Geological maps reveal the presence of extensive superficial deposits, hinting at the scale of these ancient waterways. Peat bogs, formed in the wake of retreating glaciers, offer further clues, with their deep layers interspersed with silt and sand deposits, a testament to the cyclical nature of flooding events.

One of the most striking pieces of evidence is the presence of ancient settlements along the shorelines of these long-gone rivers. Iron Age hillforts, often perched atop strategic vantage points, offer a glimpse into the past, suggesting that our ancestors recognised the advantages of settling near these waterways. Once considered solely defensive structures, these hillforts take on a new meaning when viewed through a flooded landscape. Could they have also served as vital hubs for trade and transportation, connected by a network of navigable rivers?
The sources I’ve consulted within my books point to the limitations of traditional archaeological interpretations, which often fail to account for the significant impact of post-glacial flooding. The focus on terrestrial landscapes has usually led to underestimating these ancient waterways’ role in shaping early human settlements and cultural practices. Reexamining existing archaeological data, combined with new insights from techniques like LiDAR mapping, could unlock a wealth of information about our ancestors’ relationship with these flooded landscapes.(Britain’s Flooded Past)

Consider, for instance, the dykes of Britain, enigmatic earthworks that crisscross the landscape. While their purpose has been debated for centuries, my books suggest a compelling connection to the prehistoric river systems. The dykes, they argue, were not simply defensive barriers but intricate components of a sophisticated water management system designed to channel and control the flow of these immense waterways. The fact that every investigated Dyke shows a connection to these ancient rivers is a striking piece of evidence that supports this theory.
The implications of this hypothesis are profound. If these dykes were indeed part of a vast water management network, it suggests a level of engineering sophistication and social organisation that challenges our current understanding of prehistoric Britain. The books point to specific examples, like the dykes at Winterbourne Crossroads, which not only reveal the presence of water at Stonehenge in both the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods but also provide insights into the burial practices of that time. The alignment of these dykes with the ancient river levels paints a vivid picture of a society deeply connected to and reliant upon the waterways that shaped their world.(Britain’s Flooded Past)

The information also draws attention to post holes and mooring points at sites like Stonehenge and Durrington Walls, further solidifying the case for a significant water presence during the Neolithic period. These seemingly mundane features, often overlooked in traditional archaeological interpretations, offer a tangible link to when these sites were situated along the shorelines of prehistoric rivers. The post holes at Stonehenge Bottom, for example, not only provide evidence of a river’s existence but also suggest its use in transporting the bluestones from the Craig Rhos-Y-Felin quarry.
The books advocate for a shift in our perspective, urging us to view these prehistoric monuments not as isolated structures on a dry landscape but as integral parts of a vibrant, interconnected water world. This paradigm shift could revolutionise our understanding of ancient Britain, revealing the ingenuity and adaptability of our ancestors who navigated and thrived in this dynamic environment.(Britain’s Flooded Past)

The evidence includes numerous examples of how the post-glacial flood hypothesis can shed new light on seemingly inexplicable features of the landscape. Woodhenge, for instance, takes on a new role as a potential fire beacon or lighthouse, guiding boats along the much larger River Avon. Old Sarum’s intricate system of ditches and dykes, once interpreted solely through a defensive lens, is reimagined as a complex system of moats, highlighting the presence of a higher water table during the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods.
The remarkable discovery of Silbury Avenue, based solely on a few crop marks and the application of the post-glacial flood hypothesis, further emphasises the power of this new way of thinking. This finding confirms the theory of higher river levels in the past and underscores the potential for using this approach to uncover and date hidden monuments across Britain.(Britain’s Flooded Past)

Another intriguing piece of evidence is the positioning of Long Barrows, often situated on hillsides overlooking ancient waterways. These barrows, far from being random burial sites, served as navigational aids for those travelling along the vast river systems of Mesolithic Britain. Their strategic placement, offering clear lines of sight along the river routes, hints at a society that relied heavily on water transport and understood the importance of visual landmarks in navigating this complex landscape.
Conclusion
This journey into Britain’s flooded past has left me with a profound sense of wonder and a renewed appreciation for the intricate connections between landscape, environment, and human history. The evidence, though often subtle, is undeniable. By embracing the post-glacial flood hypothesis, we can better understand our ancestors’ lives, ingenuity, and deep connection to the waterways that shaped their world.(Britain’s Flooded Past)
Exploring Prehistoric Britain: A Journey Through Time
My blog delves into the fascinating mysteries of prehistoric Britain, challenging conventional narratives and offering fresh perspectives based on cutting-edge research, particularly using LiDAR technology. I invite you to explore some key areas of my research. For example, the Wansdyke, often cited as a defensive structure, is re-examined in light of new evidence. I’ve presented my findings in my blog post Wansdyke: A British Frontier Wall – ‘Debunked’, and a Wansdyke LiDAR Flyover video further visualizes my conclusions.
My work also often challenges established archaeological dogma. I argue that many sites, such as Hambledon Hill, commonly identified as Iron Age hillforts are not what they seem. My posts Lidar Investigation Hambledon Hill – NOT an ‘Iron Age Fort’ and Unmasking the “Iron Age Hillfort” Myth explore these ideas in detail and offer an alternative view. Similarly, sites like Cissbury Ring and White Sheet Camp, also receive a re-evaluation based on LiDAR analysis in my posts Lidar Investigation Cissbury Ring through time and Lidar Investigation White Sheet Camp, revealing fascinating insights into their true purpose. I have also examined South Cadbury Castle, often linked to the mythical Camelot56.
My research also extends to the topic of ancient water management, including the role of canals and other linear earthworks. I have discussed the true origins of Car Dyke in multiple posts including Car Dyke – ABC News PodCast and Lidar Investigation Car Dyke – North Section, suggesting a Mesolithic origin2357. I also explore the misidentification of Roman aqueducts, as seen in my posts on the Great Chesters (Roman) Aqueduct. My research has also been greatly informed by my post-glacial flooding hypothesis which has helped to inform the landscape transformations over time. I have discussed this hypothesis in several posts including AI now supports my Post-Glacial Flooding Hypothesis and Exploring Britain’s Flooded Past: A Personal Journey
Finally, my blog also investigates prehistoric burial practices, as seen in Prehistoric Burial Practices of Britain and explores the mystery of Pillow Mounds, often mistaken for medieval rabbit warrens, but with a potential link to Bronze Age cremation in my posts: Pillow Mounds: A Bronze Age Legacy of Cremation? and The Mystery of Pillow Mounds: Are They Really Medieval Rabbit Warrens?. My research also includes the astronomical insights of ancient sites, for example, in Rediscovering the Winter Solstice: The Original Winter Festival. I also review new information about the construction of Stonehenge in The Stonehenge Enigma
Further Reading
For those interested in British Prehistory, visit www.prehistoric-britain.co.uk, a comprehensive resource featuring an extensive collection of archaeology articles, modern LiDAR investigations, and groundbreaking research. The site also includes insights and extracts from the acclaimed Robert John Langdon Trilogy, a series of books exploring Britain during the Prehistoric period. Titles in the trilogy include The Stonehenge Enigma, Dawn of the Lost Civilisation, and The Post Glacial Flooding Hypothesis, offering compelling evidence about ancient landscapes shaped by post-glacial flooding.
To further explore these topics, Robert John Langdon has developed a dedicated YouTube channel featuring over 100 video documentaries and investigations that complement the trilogy. Notable discoveries and studies showcased on the channel include 13 Things that Don’t Make Sense in History and the revelation of Silbury Avenue – The Lost Stone Avenue, a rediscovered prehistoric feature at Avebury, Wiltshire.
In addition to his main works, Langdon has released a series of shorter, accessible publications, ideal for readers delving into specific topics. These include:
- The Ancient Mariners
- Stonehenge Built 8300 BCE
- Old Sarum
- Prehistoric Rivers
- Dykes, Ditches, and Earthworks
- Echoes of Atlantis
- Homo Superior
- 13 Things that Don’t Make Sense in History
- Silbury Avenue – The Lost Stone Avenue
- Offa’s Dyke
- The Stonehenge Enigma
- The Post-Glacial Flooding Hypothesis
- The Stonehenge Hoax
- Dawn of the Lost Civilisation
- Darwin’s Children
- Great Chester’s Roman Aqueduct
- Wansdyke
For active discussions and updates on the trilogy’s findings and recent LiDAR investigations, join our vibrant community on Facebook. Engage with like-minded enthusiasts by leaving a message or contributing to debates in our Facebook Group.
Whether through the books, the website, or interactive videos, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of Britain’s fascinating prehistoric past. We encourage you to explore these resources and uncover the mysteries of ancient landscapes through the lens of modern archaeology.
For more information, including chapter extracts and related publications, visit the Robert John Langdon Author Page. Dive into works such as The Stonehenge Enigma or Dawn of the Lost Civilisation, and explore cutting-edge theories that challenge traditional historical narratives.
Other Blogs
1
a
- AI now Supports – Homo Superior
- AI now supports my Post-Glacial Flooding Hypothesis
- Alexander the Great sailed into India – where no rivers exist today
- Ancient Prehistoric Canals – The Vallum
- Ancient Secrets of Althorp – debunked
- Antler Picks built Ancient Monuments – yet there is no real evidence
- Antonine Wall – Prehistoric Canals (Dykes)
- Archaeological ‘pulp fiction’ – has archaeology turned from science?
- Archaeological Pseudoscience
- Archaeology in the Post-Truth Era
- Archaeology: A Bad Science?
- Archaeology: Fact or Fiction?
- Are Raised Beaches Archaeological Pseudoscience?
- ATLANTIS: Discovery with Dan Snow Debunked
- Avebury Ditch – Avebury Phase 2
- Avebury Post-Glacial Flooding
- Avebury through time
- Avebury’s great mystery revealed
- Avebury’s Lost Stone Avenue – Flipbook
b
c
- Caerfai promontory fort – archaeological nonsense
- Car Dyke – ABC News PodCast
- Car Dyke – North Section
- CASE STUDY – An Inconvenient TRUTH (Craig Rhos Y Felin)
- Case Study – River Avon
- Case Study – Woodhenge Reconstruction
- Chapter 2 – Craig Rhos-Y-Felin Debunked
- Chapter 2 – Stonehenge Phase I
- Chapter 2 – Variation of the Species
- Chapter 3 – Post Glacial Sea Levels
- Chapter 3 – Stonehenge Phase II
- Chapter 7 – Britain’s Post-Glacial Flooding
- Cissbury Ring through time
d
- Darwin’s Children – Flipbook
- Darwin’s Children – The Cro-Magnons
- Dawn of the Lost Civilisation – Flipbook
- Dawn of the Lost Civilisation – Introduction
- Digging for Britain – Cerne Abbas 1 of 2
- Digging for Britain Debunked – Cerne Abbas 2
- Digging Up Britain’s Past – Debunked
- DLC Chapter 1 – The Ascent of Man
- Durrington Walls – Woodhenge through time
- Dyke Construction – Hydrology 101
- Dykes Ditches and Earthworks
- DYKES of Britain
e
g
h
- Hadrian’s Wall – Military Way Hoax
- Hadrian’s Wall – the Stanegate Hoax
- Hadrian’s Wall LiDAR investigation
- Hambledon Hill – NOT an ‘Iron Age Fort’
- Hayling Island Lidar Maps
- Historic River Avon
- Hollingsbury Camp Brighton
- Hollows, Sunken Lanes and Palaeochannels
- Homo Superior – Flipbook
- Homo Superior – History’s Giants
- How Lidar will change Archaeology
l
m
- Maiden Castle through time
- Maritime Diffusion Model for Megaliths in Europe: A Groundbreaking Study
- Mathematics Meets Archaeology: Discovering the Mesolithic Origins of Car Dyke
- Mesolithic River Avon
- Mesolithic Stonehenge
- Minerals found in Prehistoric and Roman Quarries
- Mining in the Prehistoric to Roman Period
- Mount Caburn through time
- Mysteries of the Oldest Boatyard Uncovered
- Mythological Dragons – a non-existent animal that is shared by the World.
o
p
- Pillow Mounds: A Bronze Age Legacy of Cremation?
- Post Glacial Flooding – Flipbook
- Prehistoric Burial Practices of Britain
- Prehistoric Canals – The Vallum
- Prehistoric Canals – Wansdyke
- Prehistoric Canals – Wansdyke
- Prehistoric Canals (Dykes) – Great Chesters Aqueduct (The Vallum Pt. 4)
- Prehistoric Canals (Dykes) – Hadrian’s Wall Vallum (pt 1)
- Prehistoric Canals (Dykes) – Maiden Way
- Prehistoric Canals (Dykes) – Offa’s Dyke (Chepstow)
- Prehistoric Canals (Dykes) – Offa’s Dyke (LiDAR Survey)
- Prehistoric Canals (Dykes) – Offa’s Dyke Survey (End of Section A)
- Prehistoric Canals (Dykes) – Roman Military Way
- Prehistoric Canals (Dykes) – Wansdyke (4)
- Prehistoric Canals Wansdyke 2
- Professor Bonkers and the mad, mad World of Archaeology
r
s
- Sea Level Changes
- Section A – NY26SW
- Section B – NY25NE & NY26SE
- Section C – NY35NW
- Section D – NY35NE
- Section E – NY46SW & NY45NW
- Section F – NY46SE & NY45NE
- Section G – NY56SW
- Section H – NY56NE & NY56SE
- Section I – NY66NW
- Section J – NY66NE
- Section K – NY76NW
- Section L – NY76NE
- Section M – NY87SW & NY86NW
- Section N – NY87SE
- Section O – NY97SW & NY96NW
- Section P – NY96NE
- Section Q – NZ06NW
- Section R – NZ06NE
- Section S – NZ16NW
- Section T – NZ16NE
- Section U – NZ26NW & NZ26SW
- Section V – NZ26NE & NZ26SE
- Silbury Avenue – Avebury’s First Stone Avenue
- Silbury Hill
- Silbury Hill / Sanctuary – Avebury Phase 3
- Somerset Plain – Signs of Post-Glacial Flooding
- South Cadbury Castle – Camelot
- Statonbury Camp near Bath – an example of West Wansdyke
- Stone me – the druids are looking the wrong way on Solstice day
- Stone Money – Credit System
- Stone Transportation and Dumb Censorship
- Stonehenge – Monument to the Dead
- Stonehenge Hoax – Dating the Monument
- Stonehenge Hoax – Round Monument?
- Stonehenge Hoax – Summer Solstice
- Stonehenge LiDAR tour
- Stonehenge Phase I (The Stonehenge Landscape)
- Stonehenge Solved – Pythagorean maths put to use four thousand years before he was born
- Stonehenge Stone Transportation
- Stonehenge Through Time
- Stonehenge, Doggerland and Atlantis connection
- Stonehenge: Discovery with Dan Snow Debunked
- Stonehenge’s Location -The Stonehenge Hoax
- Stonehenge’s The Lost Circle Revealed – DEBUNKED
t
- Ten thousand year old boats found on Northern Europe’s Hillsides
- Ten thousand-year-old boats found on Northern Europe’s Hillsides
- The Ancient Mariners – Flipbook
- The Ancient Mariners – Prehistoric seafarers of the Mesolithic
- The Bluestone Enigma
- The Dolmen and Long Barrow Connection
- The Durrington Walls Hoax – it’s not a henge?
- The First European Smelted Bronzes
- The Fury of the Past: Natural Disasters in Historical and Prehistoric Britain
- The Giant’s Graves of Cumbria
- The Giants of Prehistory: Cro-Magnon and the Ancient Monuments
- The Great Antler Pick Hoax
- The Great Chichester Hoax – A Bridge too far?
- The Great Dorchester Aqueduct Hoax
- The Great Farming Hoax – (Einkorn Wheat)
- The Great Hadrian’s Wall Hoax
- The Great Iron Age Hill Fort Hoax
- The Great Offa’s Dyke Hoax
- The Great Prehistoric Migration Hoax
- The Great Stone Transportation Hoax
- The Great Stonehenge Hoax
- The Great Wansdyke Hoax
- The Henge and River Relationship
- The Logistical Impossibility of Defending Maiden Castle
- The Long Barrow Mystery
- The Long Barrow Mystery: Unraveling Ancient Connections
- The Lost Island of Avalon – revealed
- The Maths – LGM total ice volume
- The Mystery of Pillow Mounds: Are They Really Medieval Rabbit Warrens?
- The Old Sarum Hoax
- The Oldest Boat Yard in the World found in Wales
- The Post-Glacial Flooding Hypothesis – Flipbook
- The Post-Glacial Flooding Theory
- The Problem with Hadrian’s Vallum
- The Rise of the Cro-Magnon (Homo Superior)
- The Rivers of the Past were Higher – an Idiot’s Guide
- The Silbury Hill Lighthouse?
- The Stonehenge Avenue
- The Stonehenge Avenue
- The Stonehenge Code: Unveiling its 10,000-Year-Old Secret
- The Stonehenge Enigma – Flipbook
- The Stonehenge Enigma: What Lies Beneath? – Debunked
- The Stonehenge Hoax – Bluestone Quarry Site
- The Stonehenge Hoax – Flipbook
- The Stonehenge Hoax – Moving the Bluestones
- The Stonehenge Hoax – Periglacial Stripes
- The Stonehenge Hoax – Station Stones
- The Stonehenge Hoax – The Ditch
- The Stonehenge Hoax – The Slaughter Stone
- The Stonehenge Hoax – The Stonehenge Layer
- The Stonehenge Hoax – Totem Poles
- The Stonehenge Hoax – Woodhenge
- The Stonehenge Hospital
- The Troy, Hyperborea and Atlantis Connection
- The Vallum @ Hadrian’s Wall – it’s Prehistoric!
- The Woodhenge Hoax
- Three Dykes – Kidland Forest
- Top Ten misidentified Fire Beacons in British History
- Troy Debunked
- TSE – DVD Barrows
- TSE DVD – An Inconvenient Truth
- TSE DVD – Antler Picks
- TSE DVD – Avebury
- TSE DVD – Durrington Walls & Woodhenge
- TSE DVD – Dykes
- TSE DVD – Epilogue
- TSE DVD – Stonehenge Phase I
- TSE DVD – Stonehenge Phase II
- TSE DVD – The Post-Glacial Hypothesis
- TSE DVD Introduction
- TSE DVD Old Sarum
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- Wansdyke – Short Film
- Wansdyke East – Prehistoric Canals
- Wansdyke Flipbook
- Wansdyke LiDAR Flyover
- Wansdyke: A British Frontier Wall – ‘Debunked’
- Was Columbus the first European to reach America?
- White Sheet Camp
- Why a Simple Fence Beats a Massive Dyke (and What That Means for History)
- Windmill Hill – Avebury Phase 1
- Winter Solstice – Science, Propaganda and Indoctrination
- Woodhenge – the World’s First Lighthouse?